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諸葛亮的出師表文言文

來源 :華課網(wǎng)校 2024-08-06 16:43:41

諸葛亮是三國時期蜀漢的重要謀士,他在危難時刻挺身而出,為國家立下了汗馬功勞。在他為劉備出任丞相之前,他寫了一篇出師表,向皇帝表達(dá)他為國家效力的決心和意愿。下面是出師表的文言文翻譯:

臣亮言:先帝創(chuàng)業(yè)未半而中道崩殂,今天下三分,益州疲弊,此誠危急存亡之秋也。然侍衛(wèi)之臣不懈于內(nèi),忠志之士忘身于外者,蓋追先帝之殊遇,欲報之于陛下也。誠宜開張圣聽,以光先帝遺德,恢弘志士之氣,不宜妄自菲薄,引喻失義,以塞忠諫之路也。

宮中府中,俱為一體,陟罰臧否,不宜異同。若有作奸犯科,及為忠善者,宜付有司論其刑賞,以昭陛下平明之理,不宜偏私,使內(nèi)外異法也。

侍中、侍郎郭攸之、費(fèi)祎、董允等,此皆良實,志慮忠純,是以先帝簡拔以遺陛下:愚以為宮中之事,事無大小,悉以咨之,然后施行,必得裨補(bǔ)闕漏,有所廣益。

將軍向?qū)櫍孕惺缇?,曉暢軍事,試用于昔日,先帝稱之曰“能”,是以眾議舉寵為督:愚以為營中之事,悉以咨之,必能使行陣和睦,優(yōu)劣得所。

親賢臣,遠(yuǎn)小人,此先漢所以興隆也;親小人,遠(yuǎn)賢臣,此后漢所以傾頹也。先帝在時,每與臣論此事,未嘗不嘆息痛恨于桓、靈也。侍中、尚書、長史、參軍,此悉貞亮死節(jié)之臣,愿陛下親之信之,則漢室之隆,可計日而待也。

臣本布衣,躬耕于南陽,茍全性命于亂世,不求聞達(dá)于諸侯。先帝不以臣卑鄙,猥自枉屈,三顧臣于草廬之中,咨臣以當(dāng)世之事,由是感激,遂許先帝以驅(qū)馳。后值傾覆,受任于敗軍之際,奉命于危難之間,爾來二十有一年矣。

先帝知臣謹(jǐn)慎,故臨崩寄臣以大事也。受命以來,夙夜憂嘆,恐托付不效,以傷先帝之明,故五月渡瀘,深入不毛。今南方已定,兵甲已足,當(dāng)獎率三軍,北定中原,庶竭駑鈍,攘除奸兇,興復(fù)漢室,還于舊都,此臣所以報先帝而忠陛下之職分也。至于斟酌損益,進(jìn)盡忠言,則攸之、祎、允之任也。

愿陛下托臣以討賊興復(fù)之效,不效則治臣之罪,以告先帝之靈。若無興德之言,則責(zé)攸之、祎、允等之慢,以彰其咎;陛下亦宜自謀,以咨諏善道,察納雅言,深追先帝遺詔:臣不勝受恩感激。

This is a translation of the Outbreak Table by Zhuge Liang in Classical Chinese:

'I, your servant, respectfully state: Our late emperor had not been on the throne for long before he passed away, and now the realm is divided into three parts. The province of Yi is exhausted, and this is indeed a time of crisis where survival is in question. Nevertheless, officials who attend to Your Majesty's person remain vigilant, and loyal and patriotic subjects exert themselves outside the palace. They seek to repay the favor of the late emperor and wish to demonstrate their loyalty to Your Majesty. Therefore, it is imperative that Your Majesty lend an ear to them and thereby uphold the legacy of the late emperor, restore the morale of loyal and patriotic subjects, and avoid any undue modesty or self-deprecation, which would only block the path of honest advice.

As for matters in the palace and the provincial government, they should be considered as one. Those who commit crimes and those who are loyal and virtuous should be treated the same, and there should be no distinction. If anyone engages in wrongdoing or acts in loyalty and virtue, they should be handed over to the authorities for appropriate punishment or reward, so as to demonstrate Your Majesty's impartiality and clarity, and to avoid arbitrary or biased treatment that would create inconsistency between the inside and the outside.

Guo Youzhi, Fei Yi, Dong Yun, and others, including members of the inner court and the secretariat, are all honest and dedicated people. The late emperor chose them to serve Your Majesty. I believe that everything that occurs in the palace, whether big or small, should be referred to them for consultation, and then carried out. This will help fill gaps and improve deficiencies and will lead to greater benefits.

General Huang Zhong is a well-rounded, equitable man who has a good grasp of military affairs. I have tested him in the past, and the late emperor praised him as 'capable' and the people recommended him as a general. I believe that matters concerning the army should be referred to him for consultation, and he will be able to ensure that the troops are harmonious and that everyone is assigned to tasks according to their abilities.

Emperors who are close to virtuous ministers and far from wicked advisors are the reason why the early Han dynasty thrived. Emperors who are close to wicked advisors and far from virtuous ministers are the reason why the later Han dynasty declined. When the late emperor was alive, he often discussed this matter with me, and he would sigh and lament the fate of Emperor Huan and Emperor Ling. Members of the inner court, the secretariat, the chief of staff, and the military officers are all loyal and dedicated people who have shown great devotion. I hope that Your Majesty will be close to them and trust them, and in doing so, the prosperity of the Han dynasty can be expected in the near future.

I was originally a commoner who tilled the land in Nanyang. Because I wanted to preserve my life in troubled times, I did not aspire to be known among the feudal lords. However, the late emperor did not look down on me, nor did he mistreat me. He came to visit me three times in my humble cottage and discussed with me the problems of the day. I was grateful and moved, and I pledged to devote myself to him. Later, when the situation became dire, I was appointed in the midst of a defeated army and sent on missions during times of peril. I have served Your Majesty for twenty-one years.

The late emperor trusted me because he knew I was careful and cautious. He entrusted me with important tasks before he died. Since then, I have been worried day and night, fearing that I would not perform my duties effectively and that my incompetence would harm the late emperor's name. Therefore, in May, I crossed the Lu River and marched deep into the barren countryside. Now that the south has been pacified and the troops are well-equipped, I should lead them to the north to conquer the Central Plains. I will do my utmost to use up all my strength, to eliminate all the wicked, and to restore the Han dynasty. I will return to the old capital. This is how I will repay the late emperor and fulfill my duty to Your Majesty. As for making adjustments and improvements and offering sincere advice, this is the responsibility of Guo Youzhi, Fei Yi, Dong Yun, and others.

I hope that Your Majesty will entrust me with the task of defeating the rebels and restoring the Han dynasty. If I fail to do so, I will accept any punishment Your Majesty deems appropriate and will report to the late emperor's spirit. If there is no talk of promoting virtue, then the blame will fall on Guo Youzhi, Fei Yi, Dong Yun, and others, and their faults will be made clear. Your Majesty should also seek your own advice and consult with wise men and women, listen to their opinions, and follow the late emperor's last wishes. Your servant is overwhelmed with gratitude and cannot express his feelings.'

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